Scotland international Goodwillie has been on loan at Ross County since February, Brown has featured 13 times this season, while Rose played only once, his debut against St Johnstone last month.
Wales striker Simon Church and goalkeeper Adam Collin will return to their parent clubs MK Dons and Rotherham respectively following their loan spells and midfielder Barry Robson has retired from playing.
Under-20 players Kalvin Orsi, Lukas Culjak, Sam Robertson and Liam Lambert have also left the club.
The departures have been offset in part by Australian goalkeeper Aaron Lennox’s one-year contract extension, and new signings Jayden Stockley and Miles Storey.
The official AFC website RedWeb stated: "Everyone at Aberdeen FC would like to thank all the players who are leaving for their efforts and wish them all the very best for the future."