Cadger was handed an automatic ban after being sent off by referee George Salmond at the Caledonian Stadium.
The SFA's Fast Track Tribunal panel convened at Hampden today and overturned the referee's decision.
This is the second time in as many years that Aberdeen have fallen foul to poor refereeing at Inverness, with Michael Paton judged to have been incorrectly red-carded for a foul on current Dons player Johnny Hayes by the same panel in 2010.
Dons captain Anderson is now available to face Motherwell in Sunday's SPL encounter.