The 33-year-old today left the Rams after agreeing to end his contract, which was due to expire at the end of the season, by mutual consent.
Anderson made 33 appearances for the Rams in just fewer than two years at Pride Park.
And it is thought that if the inspirational defender can return to full fitness, he may well pull on the famous red jersey as a Dons player again.
It is well known that Craig Brown attempted to recruit 'Cadger' last summer as a marquee signing.
In May this year, Brown said: "I spoke to Russell but was unable to persuade him to return. He would have been the stellar signing I am trying to get for our fans as he was an outstanding player here."
Brown repeated his "stellar signing" quote last week regarding a possible January target, and that combined with Russell's appearance in the Granite City sparked rumours of a full-time return.
Although the former Aberdeen captain struggled with injury during his time with Derby, boss Nigel Clough has highlighted the contribution Anderson did make.
"Whether coming on and helping us to see out games or being instrumental from the start of matches, Russell has played his part," said Clough.
"He has been desperately unlucky with injuries and at times when he has been fit, the form of players like Shaun Barker and Jake Buxton when he initially signed and then Jason Shackell and Mark O'Brien this season, kept him out of the side.
"His current hamstring injury is going to keep him out for the rest of the season so we came to an agreement to end his contract early and he departs with our very best wishes.
"Russell is a first-class professional and he has been a fantastic character to have in and around the place."